The importance of electron–electron bremsstrahlung for terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, electron beams and electron–positron beams

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منابع مشابه

Angular distribution of Bremsstrahlung photons and of positrons for calculations of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and positron beams

Article history: Received 14 March 2012 Received in revised form 12 March 2013 Accepted 21 March 2013 Within thunderstorms electrons can gain energies of up to hundred(s) of MeV. These electrons can create X-rays and gamma-rays as Bremsstrahlung when they collide with air molecules. Here we calculate the distribution of angles between incident electrons and emitted photons as a function of elec...

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Positron beams have been observed by the Fermi satellite to be correlated with lightning leaders, and neutron emissions have been attributed to lightning and to laboratory sparks as well. Here we discuss the cross sections to be used for modeling these emissions, and we calculate the emissions of positrons, neutrons, and also protons from lightning leaders. Neutrons were first erroneously attri...

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Gamma-ray localization of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes.

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Radio emissions from terrestrial gamma-ray flashes

[1] The theory of radio frequency (RF) emissions by terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) is developed. These radio emissions, which are separate from the emission caused by lightning, are produced by the electric currents generated by runaway electrons and resulting low-energy electrons and ions. It is found from theory that the radio frequency pulses produced by TGFs are large enough to measur...

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[1] We use lightning sferics from theWorldWide Lightning Location Network to identify storms near 362 Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs). The combined spectrum of TGFs with storms within 300 km of the sub-satellite point is much harder than the spectrum of TGFs with more distant storms. When these data are compared with simulations of vertically oriented relativistic runaway breakdown, it is ...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

سال: 2014

ISSN: 0022-3727,1361-6463

DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/47/25/252001